Kelenderis

AR Staters AR Obols AR Hemiobols

AR Staters

KEL-AR-05, obverseKEL-AR-05, reverse
Identifier KEL-AR-05

Denomination: AR Stater
Period: c. 450 BC
Detail
Weight: 11.01 g
Diameter: 18–20 mm
Obverse: Youthful rider, nude except for flying chlamys, holding reins in right hand and whip in left, dismounting from horse rearing to left; dotted border.
Reverse: Forepart of goat kneeling to left; dotted border; all within circular incuse.
Die axis: -83º
Catalogue: Kelenderis, 1.3a
Remarks:

The engraver of the obverse die tried to express the dynamics of the scene. The chlamys flies behind the rider’s back and partially covers the rider’s whip, which points to the rear of the horse due to the position of the rider’s left hand when dismounting.

The rider’s flying chlamys is similarly depicted in a scene on an amphora originating probably from Kamiros in Rhodes, c. 525 BC–500 BC (The British Museum, 1867,0506.44), but the rider on the amphora is also wearing a short chiton. Note that on the Parthenon friezes some riders wear the chlamys only (others wear the chiton only or both garments together, some also a cuirass).

 

KEL-AR-16
Identifier KEL-AR-16

Denomination: AR Stater
Period: c. 450 BC
Detail
Weight: 10.78 g
Diameter: 20–20 mm
Obverse: Youthful rider, nude except for flying chlamys fastened on the chest, holding reins in right hand and whip or cutlass (makhaira) in left, dismounting from horse rearing to left; dotted border.
Reverse: Forepart of goat kneeling to left; dotted border; all within deep circular incuse.
Die axis: -45º
Catalogue: Kelenderis, 1.3b
Remarks: This coin differs from the coin KEL-AR-05 above in the way the rider’s chlamys is depicted. This coin shows the clasp of the chlamys on the rider’s chest near his right shoulder, the chlamys is draped over his shoulders and flutters backwards away from the viewer so it does not overlap the object in his left hand. This object does not have to be a whip. Due to the absence of a strap and due to its width and slightly curved shape, it may be a cutlass (makhaira), similar to the one on the coins of Type 1 from a Pseudo-Kelenderis mint.

 

KEL-AR-09, obverseKEL-AR-09, reverse
Identifier KEL-AR-09

Denomination: AR Stater
Period: c. 450–405 BC
Detail
Weight: 10.69 g
Diameter: 18–19 mm
Obverse: Youthful nude rider, holding reins in right hand and whip in left, dismounting from horse rearing to left on dotted exergual line; in exergue, KEΛ; dotted border.
Reverse: Male goat kneeling to left on double exergual line with hatched markings, head turned back to right; above goat, astragalos; all within circular incuse.
Die axis: 90º
Catalogue: Kelenderis, 2.2a

 

KEL-AR-02, obverseKEL-AR-02, reverse
Identifier KEL-AR-02

Denomination: AR Stater
Period: c. 450–405 BC
Detail
Weight: 10.82 g
Diameter: 17–19 mm
Obverse: Youthful nude rider, holding reins in right hand and whip in left, dismounting from horse rearing to left on solid exergual line; the horse decorated with ornamental collar; the whip ended with two thongs; dotted border.
Reverse: Male goat kneeling to left on dotted exergual line, head turned back to right; above goat, KEΛ; in exergue, Λ.
Die axis: -130º
Catalogue: Kelenderis, 2.6c
Remarks: (1)

The decorative collar around the horse’s neck may have been intended to keep off the Evil Eye (Anderson, p. 85). A similar ornamental collar is shown on Kastor’s horse on Attic black-figure amphora from c. 540–530 BC signed by Exekias (Gregorian Etruscan Museum, 16757; illustrated in Anderson, pl. 20).

Another type of such collar probably serving the same purpose is mentioned in epigram 6.246 of the Greek Anthology, the author of which is either Philodemos of Gadara (1st century BC) or Marcus Argentarius (1st century AD). Two translations of this epigram:

Charmus from his Isthmian victory dedicates in thy porch, Poseidon, his spurs that urge the horse on its way, the muzzle that fits on its nose, its necklace of teeth, and his willow wand, also the comb that drags the horse’s hair, the whip for its flanks, rough mother of smacking blows. Accept these gifts, god of the steel-blue locks, and crown the son of Lycinus in the great Olympian contest too.

Transl. by William Roger Paton (The Greek Anthology, Vol. I, 1916)

Course-chasing spurs, nostril-hugging muzzle, tooth-bearing breastpiece, and willow wand(?) —these Charmos has dedicated in your porch, Poseidon, because of his Isthmian victory— and the horses‘ curry comb and whip for their rumps, bold mother of whirring sound. So then, O dark-haired one, receive these, and crown the son of Lukinos also for a great Olympian contest.

Transl. by Stuart G. P. Small (Sider 1997, p. 191 ff.)

(2)

Kraay 1962, pp. 2-6, divides the Kelenderis staters contained in the so called Kelenderis hoard (probably found in 1957 or shortly before) into 4 series:

  1. horseman left, A on the obverse; goat left
  2. horseman left, Γ on the obverse; goat left
  3. horseman left, no letter on the obverse; goat left or right
  4. horseman right; goat right

The numbering of these series corresponds to their chronological order (ibid, p. 6), with the burial of the hoard falling roughly in the year 401 BC (ibid, p. 15).

This coin belongs to Series III (dies O11/R7B), but its obverse die is also linked to Series I and II by some other reverse dies (ibid, dies R2B and R7B). Moreover, this obverse was also used with reverse dies with a goat oriented to the right (ibid, dies R10, R11 and R12), a characteristic of Series IV. The artistic rendering of the horseman also represents a transition from earlier editions of the 5th century BC to more later classical design. This coin therefore represents a transition from the early style of the second half of the 5th century to the classical style that came into use from the late 5th century to the last quarter of the 4th century.

 

KEL-AR-04, obverseKEL-AR-04, reverse
Identifier KEL-AR-04

Denomination: AR Stater
Period: c. 405–375 BC (?)
Detail
Weight: 10.30 g
Diameter: 18–20 mm
Obverse: Youthful nude rider, holding reins in left hand and whip in right, dismounting from horse rearing to right; dotted border (off flan).
Reverse: Male goat kneeling to right on dotted exergual line, head turned back to left; above goat, KEΛE; below ethnic, Σ; in exergue, K (off flan).
Die axis: 10º
Catalogue: Kelenderis, 3.8a
Remark: The abbreviated ethnic KEΛE on the reverse together with the Σ mark can be read as keles (κέλης), i.e. horse race. The inscription can thus be understood as an allusion to the theme depicted on the obverse. For other possible linguistic allusions, see Various Short Notes: Kelenderis goat.

 

KEL-AR-10, obverseKEL-AR-10, reverse
Identifier KEL-AR-10

Denomination: AR Stater
Period: c. 405–375 BC (?)
Detail
Weight: 10.49 g
Diameter: 20–21 mm
Obverse: Youthful nude rider, holding reins in left hand and whip in right (whip thong forms a loop), dismounting from horse rearing to right; dotted border.
Reverse: Male goat kneeling to right on dotted exergual line, head turned back to left; above goat, KEΛE-N; all within circular incuse.
Die axis: -170º
Catalogue: Kelenderis, 3.9b

 

AR Obols

KEL-AR-08, obverseKEL-AR-08, reverse
Identifier KEL-AR-08

Denomination: AR Obol
Period: 2nd half of the 5th century BC – 4th century BC
Detail
Weight: 0.81 g
Diameter: 9–9 mm
Obverse: Forepart of bridled Pegasus rearing to left; dotted border.
Reverse: Forepart of goat kneeling to right, head turned back; above goat, ivy leaf with stem; all within circular incuse.
Die axis: 75º
Catalogue: Kelenderis, 5.2e

 

KEL-AR-01, obverseKEL-AR-01, reverse
Identifier KEL-AR-01

Denomination: AR Obol
Period: 2nd half of the 5th century BC – 4th century BC
Detail
Weight: 0.85 g
Diameter: 8.5–9 mm
Obverse: Forepart of horse rearing to left; before horse, round shield; dotted border.
Reverse: Forepart of male goat kneeling to right, head turned back to left; above goat, boxed form of the letter heta; all within circular incuse.
Die axis: 50º
Catalogue: Kelenderis, 5.5

 

KEL-AR-07, obverseKEL-AR-07, reverse
Identifier KEL-AR-07

Denomination: AR Obol
Period: 2nd half of the 5th century BC – 4th century BC
Detail
Weight: 0.74 g
Diameter: 9–9 mm
Obverse: Head of Athena to left, wearing crested Attic helmet.
Reverse: Forepart of Pegasus rearing to left within incuse square.
Die axis: 80º
Catalogue: Kelenderis, 5.6

 

KEL-AR-13, obverseKEL-AR-13, reverse
Identifier KEL-AR-13

Denomination: AR Obol
Period: 2nd half of the 5th century BC – 4th century BC
Detail
Weight: 0.68 g
Diameter: 8–8 mm
Obverse: Head of Athena left, wearing crested Attic helmet, dotted border.
Reverse: Male goat kneeling to right, head turned back to left; above goat, KEΛ; all within circular incuse.
Die axis: 135º
Catalogue: Kelenderis, 5.9

 

KEL-AR-15, obverseKEL-AR-15, reverse
Identifier KEL-AR-15

Denomination: AR Obol
Period: 2nd half of the 5th century BC – 4th century BC
Detail
Weight: 0.73 g
Diameter: 9–10 mm
Obverse: Unbridled horse prancing to right on solid exergual line; dotted border.
Reverse: Male goat kneeling to right, head turned back to left.
Die axis: -75º
Catalogue: Kelenderis, 5.11e

 

KEL-AR-03, obverseKEL-AR-03, reverse
Identifier KEL-AR-03

Denomination: AR Obol
Period: 2nd half of the 5th century BC – 4th century BC
Detail
Weight: 0.76 g
Diameter: 8.5–9 mm
Obverse: Bridled horse prancing to right on solid exergual line; dotted border.
Reverse: Male goat kneeling to right, head turned back to left; above goat, KEΛ.
Die axis:
Catalogue: Kelenderis, 5.11i

 

KEL-AR-14, obverseKEL-AR-14, reverse
Identifier KEL-AR-14

Denomination: AR Obol
Period: 2nd half of the 5th century BC – 4th century BC
Detail
Weight: 0.52 g
Diameter: 7–7 mm
Obverse: Facing gorgoneion with protruding tongue.
Reverse: Astragalos; in right and lower field, KE–Λ (the letter E retrograde); all within circular incuse.
Die axis: 180º
Catalogue: Kelenderis, 5.13a

 

KEL-AR-06, obverseKEL-AR-06, reverse
Identifier KEL-AR-06

Denomination: AR Obol
Period: 2nd half of the 5th century BC – 4th century BC
Detail
Weight: 0.55 g
Diameter: 7–8 mm
Obverse: Facing gorgoneion with protruding tongue.
Reverse: Astragalos; in right field, KE; in lower field, Δ; all within circular incuse.
Die axis: -90º
Catalogue: Kelenderis, 5.13b

 

KEL-AR-11, obverseKEL-AR-11, reverse
Identifier KEL-AR-11

Denomination: AR Obol
Period: 2nd half of the 5th century BC – 4th century BC
Detail
Weight: 0.54 g
Diameter: 8–9 mm
Obverse: Gorgoneion facing; dotted border.
Reverse: Astragalos; in left field, Sun; in right field, KE; line border.
Die axis:
Catalogue: Kelenderis, 5.14

 

AR Hemiobols

KEL-AR-12, obverseKEL-AR-12, reverse
Identifier KEL-AR-12

Denomination: AR Hemiobol
Period: 2nd half of the 5th century BC – 4th century BC
Detail
Weight: 0.35 g
Diameter: 7–7 mm
Obverse: Forepart of unbridled Pegasus rearing to left; dotted border.
Reverse: Forepart of goat kneeling to left, head turned back; above goat, K; all within circular incuse.
Die axis: 90º
Catalogue: Kelenderis, 6.1a

 

4 June 2021 – 24 February 2024