Analyzed coins Die analysis Visual catalogue

Analyzed coins

Coin catalogue section:	Holmoi, Group 2
Coin corpus datasets:	Holmoi, Group 2

The number of analyzed coins recorded in the Corpus as of 16 July 2025 is presented in Table 1.

Type	Count
2.1a	2
2.1b	3
2.1c	2
2.1d	2
Total	9

Table 1: Number of analyzed coins

Die analysis

An overview of dies used for known staters of Group 2 is given in Table 2. Identification of the dies is complicated by the presence of test cuts, countermarks, and the poor preservation of some specimens. It seems that the coins of variants 2.1a and 2.1b were struck from the same obverse die O1, but for specimen no. 1 of variant 2.1b this die is already worn out (also the reverse die R3 is more worn on this specimen). In this worn out state, the die O1 was also used for specimen no. 1 of variant 2.1c. The second specimen of variant 2.1c was probably also struck from this obverse die, which is already badly damaged and has been reworked: Athena’s left hand and shield were recut and her spear was moved more to the left (the line of the spear in the original position is visible on the photo). The reverse die R4 is shared with the coins of variant 2.1d, but R4 appears to be more worn on the 2.1c coins.

If these observations are correct, then the relative order of minting of these coins was as follows:

1. variant 2.1a using the obverse die O1 and two reverse dies R1 and R2;
2. variant 2.1b using the obverse die O1 and the reverse die R3;
3. variant 2.1d from the O2/R4 pair of dies;
4. variant 2.1c from the O1/R4 and O1b/R4 pair of dies, with the die O1 being reused probably after the die O2 was irreparably damaged.

Type	Ref. No.	Specimen	Coin dies
			Obverse	Reverse
2.1a	HO4001	1	O1	R1
	HO4002	2	O1	R2
2.1b	HO4003	1	O1	R3
	HO4004	2	O1	R3
	HO4005	3	O1	R3
2.1c	HO4006	1	O1	R4
	HO4007	2	O1b	R4
2.1d	HO4008	1	O2	R4
	HO4009	2	O2	R4

Table 2: Overview of dies used for individual coins

Only two identified obverse dies suggest that the production of these staters was limited. Using statistical methods to estimate the total number of dies would be misleading given the very limited range of data.

Visual catalogue

Photo credits can be found in Coin corpus, Holmoi, Group 2.

Type 2.1a, Specimen 1 (Ref. No. HO4001). Obverse and reverse dies O1/R1.

Type 2.1a, Specimen 2 (Ref. No. HO4002). Obverse and reverse dies O1/R2.

Type 2.1b, Specimen 1 (Ref. No. HO4003). Obverse and reverse dies O1/R3.

Type 2.1b, Specimen 2 (Ref. No. HO4004). Obverse and reverse dies O1/R3.

Type 2.1b, Specimen 3 (Ref. No. HO4005). Obverse and reverse dies O1/R3.

Type 2.1c, Specimen 1 (Ref. No. HO4006). Obverse and reverse dies O1/R4.

Type 2.1c, Specimen 2 (Ref. No. HO4007). Obverse and reverse dies O1b/R4.

Type 2.1d, Specimen 1 (Ref. No. HO4008). Obverse and reverse dies O2/R4.

Type 2.1d, Specimen 1 (Ref. No. HO4009). Obverse and reverse dies O2/R4.