Introductory Note Analyzed coins Die links Visual catalogue

Introductory Note

This section does not present a die analysis of the Kelenderis staters of Group 3, but only the identification of die links between their individual types and variants. This die link analysis is one of the bases for determining the relative chronology of the coin types, which will be added to this website later.

Analyzed coins

Coin catalogue section:	Kelenderis, Group 3
Coin corpus datasets:	Kelenderis, Group 3

The number of analyzed coins recorded in the Corpus as of 21 July 2025 is presented in Table 1.

Type	Count
3.1	33
3.2	18
3.3	1
3.4	3
3.5	4
3.6	2
3.7	54
3.8	41
3.9	25
3.10	6
3.11	4
3.12	9
3.13	10
3.14	5
3.15	15
3.16	16
3.17	6
Total	252

Table 1: Number of analyzed coins

Die links

The identified die links for obverse dies are listed in Table 2 and for reverse dies in Table 3. These dies are marked with lowercase letters ‘o’ and ‘r’ because this is not a list of all dies used for the Kelenderis staters of Group 3, but only dies linking some coin types and their variants. The Stage column indicates the degree of wear of the dies in cases where it can be reliably identified: the higher the value, the later the state of the die.

Die	Stage	Type
o1	1	3.1a
	2	3.3
o2	–	3.1d, 3.1e, 3.8a, 3.8b
o3	1	3.2a
	2	3.2b
	3	3.2c
o4	2	3.5b
	1	3.15a
	Note: In Type 3.5b, the letter Φ on the obverse die was erased.
o5	–	3.5c, 3.5d
o6	3	3.6a, 3.6b
	1	3.17a, 3.17b, 3.17c
	2	3.17d, 3.17e
o7	–	3.7c, 3.11
o8	–	3.7d, 3.13c
o9	–	3.8h, 3.8j, 3.8k
o10	2	3.8c
	1	3.8e
	3	3.10
o11	1	3.9a, 3.9b, 3.9d
	2	3.9c, 3.9f
	3	3.9e, 3.9g
	Note: The gradual degradation of the obverse die can be observed at the base of the horse’s tail.
o12	–	3.12a, 3.12b
o13	3	3.13d
	2	3.14a
	1	3.14b
o14	–	3.15b, 3.15c. 3.15d, 3.15e
o15	–	3.16b, 3.16c

Table 2: Obverse die links

Die	Stage	Type
r1	1	3.1d
	2	3.1e
	Note: For variant 3.1e, the letter Κ was added to the exergue on the reverse.
r2	1	3.5b
	2	3.5c, 3.5d
	Note: Variants 3.5b–d were struck from the same reverse die, but variants 3.5c and 3.5d each have a different monogram in the exergue. This means that one monogram was erased from the die and replaced by another monogram. However, the order of these two variants is not clear from the photographs.
r3	1	3.9a
	2	3.9d
	Note: In variant 3.9d, the letter N was added to the right field and the letter M to the exergue.
r4	3	3.9g
	1	3.12a
	2	3.12b
	Note: A monogram was added above the goat in Stage 2. Stage 3 shows small cracks in the die below the goat’s right front leg and behind its right hind leg.
r5	1	3.15b
	2	3.15c
	Note: In variant 3.15c, a monogram was added to the exergue.
r6	2	3.15d
	1	3.16b
	Note: In variant 3.15d, the letter O was added under the goat and kerykeion to the exergue.

Table 3: Reverse die links

Diagrams representing the die links identified in Tables 2 and 3 are shown in Figure 1. Arrows indicate the transition from earlier to later stages. Where the earlier die state cannot be reliably distinguished from the later state, the die link is indicated by a line without an arrow. Types on which the goat is oriented to the left are marked in green.

Figure 1: Die links diagrams

Visual catalogue

Photo credits can be found in Coin corpus, Kelenderis, Group 3.

Type 3.1a (Ref. No. KE3004). Obverse and reverse die links o1/–.

Type 3.3 (Ref. No. KE3052). Obverse and reverse die links o1/–.

Type 3.1d (Ref. No. KE3012). Obverse and reverse die links o2/r1.

Type 3.1e (Ref. No. KE3015). Obverse and reverse die links o2/r1.

Type 3.8a (Ref. No. KE3117). Obverse and reverse die links o2/–.

Type 3.8b (Ref. No. KE3121). Obverse and reverse die links o2/–.

Type 3.2a (Ref. No. KE3035). Obverse and reverse die links o3/–.

Type 3.2b (Ref. No. KE3043). Obverse and reverse die links o3/–.

Type 3.2c (Ref. No. KE3051). Obverse and reverse die links o3/–.

Type 3.5b (Ref. No. KE3057). Obverse and reverse die links o4/r2.

Type 3.15a (Ref. No. KE3219). Obverse and reverse die links o4/–.

Type 3.5c (Ref. No. KE3058). Obverse and reverse die links o5/r2.

Type 3.5d (Ref. No. KE3059). Obverse and reverse die links o5/r2.

Type 3.6a (Ref. No. KE3060). Obverse and reverse die links o6/–.

Type 3.6b (Ref. No. KE3061). Obverse and reverse die links o6/–.

Type 3.17a (Ref. No. KE3247). Obverse and reverse die links o6/–.

Type 3.17b (Ref. No. KE3248). Obverse and reverse die links o6/–.

Type 3.17c (Ref. No. KE3249). Obverse and reverse die links o6/–.

Type 3.17d (Ref. No. KE3251). Obverse and reverse die links o6/–.

Type 3.17e (Ref. No. KE3252). Obverse and reverse die links o6/–.

Type 3.7c (Ref. No. KE3095). Obverse and reverse die links o7/–.

Type 3.11 (Ref. No. KE3190). Obverse and reverse die links o7/–.

Type 3.7d (Ref. No. KE3107). Obverse and reverse die links o8/–.

Type 3.13c (Ref. No. KE3207). Obverse and reverse die links o8/–.

Type 3.8h (Ref. No. KE3146). Obverse and reverse die links o9/–.

Type 3.8j (Ref. No. KE3154). Obverse and reverse die links o9/–.

Type 3.8k (Ref. No. KE3156). Obverse and reverse die links o9/–.

Type 3.8c (Ref. No. KE3130). Obverse and reverse die links o10/–.

Type 3.8e (Ref. No. KE3137). Obverse and reverse die links o10/–.

Type 3.10 (Ref. No. KE3187). Obverse and reverse die links o10/–.

Type 3.9a (Ref. No. KE3162). Obverse and reverse die links o11/r3.

Type 3.9b (Ref. No. KE3163). Obverse and reverse die links o11/–.

Type 3.9c (Ref. No. KE3164). Obverse and reverse die links o11/–.

Type 3.9d (Ref. No. KE3166). Obverse and reverse die links o11/r3.

Type 3.9e (Ref. No. KE3175). Obverse and reverse die links o11/–.

Type 3.9f (Ref. No. KE3177). Obverse and reverse die links o11/–.

Type 3.9g (Ref. No. KE3181). Obverse and reverse die links o11/r4.

Type 3.12a (Ref. No. KE3193). Obverse and reverse die links o12/r4.

Type 3.12b (Ref. No. KE3197). Obverse and reverse die links o12/r4.

Type 3.13d (Ref. No. KE3209). Obverse and reverse die links o13/–.

Type 3.14a (Ref. No. KE3213). Obverse and reverse die links o13/–.

Type 3.14b (Ref. No. KE3215). Obverse and reverse die links o13/–.

Type 3.15b (Ref. No. KE3223). Obverse and reverse die links o14/r5.

Type 3.15c (Ref. No. KE3228). Obverse and reverse die links o14/r5.

Type 3.15d (Ref. No. KE3229). Obverse and reverse die links o14/r6.

Type 3.15e (Ref. No. KE3230). Obverse and reverse die links o14/–.

Type 3.16b (Ref. No. KE3242). Obverse and reverse die links o15/r6.

Type 3.16c (Ref. No. KE3245). Obverse and reverse die links o15/–.