Kelenderis, Staters – Die link analysis of Group 2

Introductory Note Analyzed coins Die links Visual catalogue

Introductory Note

This section does not present a die analysis of the Kelenderis staters of Group 2, but only the identification of die links between their individual types and variants. This die link analysis is one of the bases for determining the relative chronology of the coin types, which will be added to this website later.

Analyzed coins

Coin catalogue section:	Kelenderis, Group 2
Coin corpus datasets:	Kelenderis, Group 2

The number of analyzed coins recorded in the Corpus as of 6 July 2025 is presented in Table 1.

Type	Count
2.1	2
2.2	9
2.3	10
2.4	10
2.5	2
2.6	36
2.7	14
2.8	36
2.9	16
2.10	19
2.11	40
2.12	44
Total	238

Table 1: Number of analyzed coins

Die links

The identified die links for obverse dies are listed in Table 2 and for reverse dies in Table 3. These dies are marked with lowercase letters ‘o’ and ‘r’ because this is not a list of all dies used for the Kelenderis staters of Group 2, but only dies linking some coin types and their variants. The Stage column indicates the degree of wear of the dies in cases where it can be reliably identified: the higher the value, the later the state of the die. For dies that were described in Kraay 1962, the numbers of the respective specimens and the die markings in this work are given.

Die	Stage	Type	Kraay 1962
Die	Stage	Type	no.	obverse	reverse
o1	1	2.3a	–	–	–
o1	2	2.3b	–	–	–
o2	1	2.7a	1	O1	R1
o2	2	2.7b	2	O1	R2B
o3	1	2.9a	5	O3A	R2A
	2	2.9b	6	O3B	R2A
	3	2.9c	7	O3B	R3B
	Note: The retrograte letter Π was added behind forelegs of the horse on variants 2.9b and 2.9c.
o4	1	2.10b	12	O7	R7B
	2	2.12b	–	O7	R10
	Note: Kraay 1962 states the same obverse die O7 for his coins nos. 11 (Type 2.10a) and 12 (Type 2.10b), but coin no. 11 is not plated and the obverse dies of Types 2.10a and 2.10b do not match on the specimens in the Coin Corpus (see the different position of the rider’s right hand holding the reins). Therefore, Type 2.10a is not included here.
o5	1	2.4a	15	O10	R9
	2	2.4b	–	O10	R9
	Note: The cited specimens of these two variants were struck from the same obverse and reverse dies, variant 2.4b only has the letter Π added to the obverse die.
o6	1	2.6b	17	O11	R7B
	2	2.12a	19	O11	R10
	2	2.12c	21	O11	R12
	2	2.12d	20	O11	R11

Table 2: Obverse die links

Die	Stage	Type	Kraay 1962
Die	Stage	Type	no.	obverse	reverse
r1	1	2.2a	–	–	–
r1	2	2.2b	–	–	–
r2	1	2.3b	–	–	–
r2	2	2.3c	–	–	–
r3	2	2.7b	2	O1	R2B
	1	2.9a	5	O3A	R2A
	1	2.9b	6	O3B	R2A
	Note: Kraay 1962 states the same reverse die R2B for his coins nos. 18 (Type 2.6d) and 2 (Type 2.7b), but coin no. 18 is not plated and the reverse dies of Types 2.6d and 2.7b do not match on the specimens in the Coin Corpus. Therefore, Type 2.6d is not included here.
r4	1	2.8d	4	O2	R3A
r4	2	2.9c	7	O3B	R3B
r5	2	2.8b	–	–	R4
r5	1	2.11a	8	O4	R4
r6	2	2.6b	17	O11	R7B
	2	2.6b	22	O12	R7B
	1	2.10a	11	O7	R7A
	2	2.10b	12	O7	R7B
	Note: The reverse die on Types 2.6b and 2.10b differs from Type 2.10a by the addition of the letter Λ in the exergue.
r7	1	2.4a	15	O10	R9
	2	2.4b	–	O10	R9
	Note: The cited specimens of these two variants were struck from the same obverse and reverse dies, variant 2.4b only has the letter Π added to the obverse die.
r8	1	2.12a	19	O11	R10
r8	1	2.12b	–	O7	R10

Table 3: Reverse die links

Diagrams representing the die links identified in Tables 2 and 3 are shown in Figure 1. Arrows indicate the transition from earlier to later stages. Where the earlier die state cannot be reliably distinguished from the later state, the die link is indicated by a line without an arrow.