On some coins of Holmoi, Kelenderis, and Nagidos, individual letters of the city ethnic are retrograde; occasionally, the entire inscription is retrograde. More rarely, the city ethnic is distorted or garbled. These phenomena do not occur on the two known coins of Anemourion. Coins tentatively attributed to Aphrodisias are anepigraphic.

Tables 1–3 provide an overview of the types and variants on which these phenomena occur. Retrograde letters and reversed city ethnics are underlined. These phenomena are not confined to ethnics but also occur in monograms. For example, Nagidos staters of Type 1.2b bear a reversed and retrograde ΣΙ monogram on the obverse (its normal form appears on Type 1.1). Monograms, however, are not included in the overview below.

Denomination	Type	City ethnic	Comment
Obols	2.2b	OΛMITIKON	the letter N retrograde
	2.2d	OΛMITAN	the letter N retrograde
Bronze coins	2.5c	ΟΛ	reversed

Table 1: Holmoi

Denomination	Type	City ethnic	Comment
Staters	2.12a	KEΛEN	reversed and retrograde
	3.7b	KENΛ	garbled ethnic; N retrograde
	3.7c	KEΛEN	the letter N retrograde on some specimens
	3.8k	KEΛEN	reversed and retrograde
	3.16a	KEΛE	second E retrograde
Third staters	4.5	KEΛ	retrograde
Obols	5.2a	KE	retrograde (on some specimens)
	5.3c	KE	reversed and retrograde
	5.4e	KE–Λ	reversed and retrograde
	5.11a	KE	reversed and retrograde
	5.13a	KE–Λ	the letter E retrograde
	5.13b	KE–Δ	Δ instead of Λ (unless Δ denotes the denomination)
Hemiobols	6.2b	KE–Λ	reversed and retrograde
	6.2c	K–E–Λ	retrograde
	6.2g	KE–Λ	reversed and retrograde

Table 2: Kelenderis

The retrograde letter N is also found on some Kelenderis coins from the late Hellenistic and Roman periods, for example:

pseudo-autonomous issue, 1st century BC (?):	Roma Numismatics Limited, E-Sale 113 (28 September 2023), Lot 310 (auction archive)
	Note: This coin is probably a higher denomination corresponding to the type catalogued as SNG France 2, 119.
Antiochos IV of Commagene:	Gerhard Hirsch Nachfolger, Auction 352 (25 September 2019), Lot 2480 (acsearch.info URL)
Septimius Severus:	Numismatik Naumann, Auction 107 (5 September 2021), Lot 1211 (acsearch.info URL)
Elagabalus:	Classical Numismatic Group, Electronic Auction 489 (7 April 2021), Lot 281 (acsearch.info URL)
Gordian III:	Classical Numismatic Group, Electronic Auction 328 (11 June 2014), Lot 314 (acsearch.info URL)
Herennia Etruscilla:	Gorny & Mosch Giessener Münzhandlung, Auction 204 (5 March 2012), Lot 1836 (acsearch.info URL)

Denomination	Type	City ethnic	Comment
Staters	1.3a	NAΓIΔ	reversed and retrograde
	1.3b	NAΓIΔIKON	final N retrograde on some specimens
	2.6b	NAΓIΔEΩ–N	final N retrograde and placed vertically
	3.3a	NAΓIΔEΩN	initial N retrograde on some specimens
	3.3c	NAΓIΔEΩN	the letter E retrograde
	3.3e	NAΓIΔEΩN	the final letter N retrograde
	3.4e	NΛ“Γ”IΔIKN	both instances of N retrograde; Λ instead of A; Γ upside down; Ο probably omitted
	3.6f	NAΓIΔEΩN	both instances of N retrograde
	3.6i	NΔΓIΔIKON	Δ instead of A
	3.6l	NAΓIΔIIKON	second I doubled
Obols	5.1d	NAΓIΔI	reversed and retrograde
	5.6a	N	the letter N retrograde on some specimens
	5.9a	NAΓIΔ–IKON	the final letter N retrograde
	5.11e	N–A–Γ–I	retrograde and arranged anticlockwise
Bronze coins	8.1b	NAΓ	the letter N retrograde

Table 3: Nagidos